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Review Article: Al-Afif 29
large industrial operations where there is a local processes. Hybrid renewable energy systems
heat or power requirement, particularly in incorporating thermochemical conversion are
industrial clusters where CCS infrastructure can promising direction to tackle climate change
be shared. The use of biomass in the industry to and simultaniously overcome energy challenges
replace fossil fuels has a variety of potential in certain regions. However, more work should
applications, including small and medium-scale be done on the ways to maximize renewable
heat and power, fuel substitution in cement sources fraction while minimizing the costs, real
kilns, and injection in blast furnace steel and life testing, etc. Furthermore, carbon capture
iron-making. Existing large-scale gasification and storage technology combined with
technology can be used to gasify biomass sustainable biofuels production could help
feedstock, which could be supplied as crude achieve carbon negativity. International
bio-oils obtained via pyrolysis or treated via agencies such as IEA and UNIDO are highlighting
torrefaction, reducing transport costs and the importance of scaling up such technologies
facilitating feeding to pressurized gasification in the near future and need for additional
systems. Some exploratory work on large-scale research in this direction so that Net Zero goals
and long-distance biomass supplies for large- can be achieved.
scale syngas production has been done with Reference
promising results, indicating that this is a
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SJSI – 2023: VOLUME 1-1
