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Review Article: Al-Afif 27

renewable energy systems can increase energy integrated system to obtain gas, oil, and char.
storage capacity, reduce energy production Deng at al. found that such a system could be
costs, and improve the quality of generated self-sustaining by combusting pyrolytic gas and
power (33) . Furthermore, such systems offer excess char. Another important aspect is the
greater flexibility and promote overall socio- energy storage (42) . Concepts such as Green to
economic growth (34,35) . Hybrid renewable Green energy system aim to find a green
systems incorporating thermal conversion of storage system, such as fuel cell, for the green
biomass with other renewable energy sources energy (43,44) . Lin et al. proposed a plant for
received considerable attention in research (35– simultaneous generation of electricity and
39) . For instance, Facchinetti et al. worked on the liquid hydrogen involving a lignocellulosic
integration of a solid fuel cell-gas turbine cycle biomass gasification-integrated gas turbine and
powered with hydrothermally converted hydrogen liquefaction cycle with an electrolyzer
biomass obtaining the efficiency of 63% (40) . process (45) . Table 1 gives an overview of what
Heidari et al. performed hydrothermal other initiatives were taken on thermal
carbonization of biomass. The hydrochar was conversion technology hybrid systems.
used in the integrated system to produce power However, study by Lee at al. showed that more
and process water in anaerobic digestion to research should be done on testing
obtain biogas later used as a gaseous fuel (41) . conceptually created models in real life
On the other hand, biomass can be conditions, addressing power fluctuation issues
anaerobically digested to produce biogas that in the grid-connected system, removal of ash
can be used to generate heat or electricity, and moisture via pre-treatment technologies,
while the digestate can be pyrolyzed in the etc (33) .
Table 1: An overview of systems integrating thermochemical conversion of biomass with other renewable energy
technologies
Feedstock System setting Aim Source

Gasification concentrated solar
Electricity generation (46)
thermal power

Hydrocarbon fuel or
Fusion power gasification (47)
hydrogen production

Lignocellulosic biomass
Adiabatic compressed air energy Electricity generation and (48)
storage gasification energy storage

Bio-oil combustion – photovoltaics Electricity generation (49)

Electricity generation and
Anaerobic digestion – pyrolysis pyrolytic product (50)
production

SJSI – 2023: VOLUME 1-1